PHONEMIC AWARENESS INSTRUCTION: Effective phonemic awareness instruction
teaches children to notice, think about, and work with (manipulate) sounds in spoken language. Phonemic awareness can be taught and learned. Teachers use many activities to build phonemic awareness, including:
• Phoneme isolation - children recognize individual sounds in a word.
• Phoneme identity - children recognize the same sounds in different words
• Phoneme categorization - children recognize the word in a set of three or four words that have the "odd" sound.
• Phoneme blending - children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes and then combine the phonemes to form a word.
• Phoneme segmentation - children break a word into separate sounds,
saying each sound as they tap out or count it.
• Phoneme deletion - children recognize the word that remains when a
phoneme is removed from another word.
• Phoneme addition - children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an
existing word.
• Phoneme substitution - children substitute one phoneme for another to
make a new word.
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- Put Reading First (Second Edition June 2003)
National Institute of Literacy